医療英会話085

医療英会話キーワード辞典。一日3ページずつ音読。今日はpp.254-256.  「呼吸音」から「固縮」まで。今日のハイライトは「心」と「腰」でした。
 
呼吸音
abnormal breast sound
 
呼吸困難
Do you have difficulty breathing?
Do you have difficult and uncomfortable breathing?
start gasping for breath
 
故郷
Where are you from?
Where is your hometown
Do you miss your home?
 
コキン
Do you notice your jaw clicking?
 
国外
Have you recently travelled outside Japan?
get medical treatment outside Japan
 
国際的な
international marriage
International Classification of Diseases, ICD
the International Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC
 
国際電話
make an international telephone call to a relative in one's hometown
 
国籍
I am Japanese.
She is British.
He is American.
He is an American.
 
告知する
Would you like to be told if the biopsy shows that you have cancer?
inform the patient that he/she has prostate cancer
 
克服する
overcome depression
beat cancer
 
National Heath Insurance card
 
National Pension System
 
国立の
the National Institute of Infectious Diseases
national hospital
 
ご苦労さま
Thank you very much for your trouble
 
ごくんと
Please swallow your saliva in one gulp.
 
こけ
Doe you tongue feel furry?
 
固形
Can you eat solid food?
 
ここ
Is this where it hurts?
Can you wait here for a little while?
Where are you now?
Let's stop here for today.
So much for today.
Do you have any questions so far?
This is where you need to be as strong as you can be.
This is where you need to hold out.
 
午後
Please come at two in the afternoon.
at three o'clock on the afternoon of September, the twenty-sixth.
 
こころ
mind, heart, spirit, mental, emotional, inner, psychological
Do you have any worries?
Is there anything that is worrying on your mind?
I apologise with all my heart/from the bottom of my heart.
close one's mind to/agaisnt
crawl into one's shell
mental/emotional/psychological trauma
mental scar
 
こころあたり
What do you think is causing your sleeplessness?
 
こころがける
Please try to reduce your salt intake for the sake of your blood pressure.
 
こころぼそい
feel helpless, feel uneasy, feel lonesome
Is there anything about life in Japan that makes your feel helpless/uneasy/lonesome?
 
試みる
Let us try this treatment first
If you want to lose weight, you should first try dieting and exercising.
 
誤差
measurement error
standard error
 
腰
lower back, waist, hip
Do you have any problems with your lower back?
Did you hurt your lower back?
Do you have any pain in your lower back?
Where in the lower back is the pain? 
have a bent/stooped back
bend over
straighten one's lower back
massage one's back
strained back
acute lower back pain
 
固視
ocular fixation
 
個室
Would you like to have a private room?
An additional ten thousand yen a day will be charged for a private room.
You will be transferred to a private room today.
 
五十肩
frozen shoulder, stiff and painful shoulder due to old age, fifty-year-old shoulder

医療英会話085

医療英会話キーワード辞典。一日3ページずつ音読。今日はpp.254-256.  「呼吸音」から「固縮」まで。今日のハイライトは「心」と「腰」でした。
 
呼吸音
abnormal breast sound
 
呼吸困難
Do you have difficulty breathing?
Do you have difficult and uncomfortable breathing?
start gasping for breath
 
故郷
Where are you from?
Where is your hometown
Do you miss your home?
 
コキン
Do you notice your jaw clicking?
 
国外
Have you recently travelled outside Japan?
get medical treatment outside Japan
 
国際的な
international marriage
International Classification of Diseases, ICD
the International Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC
 
国際電話
make an international telephone call to a relative in one's hometown
 
国籍
I am Japanese.
She is British.
He is American.
He is an American.
 
告知する
Would you like to be told if the biopsy shows that you have cancer?
inform the patient that he/she has prostate cancer
 
克服する
overcome depression
beat cancer
 
National Heath Insurance card
 
National Pension System
 
国立の
the National Institute of Infectious Diseases
national hospital
 
ご苦労さま
Thank you very much for your trouble
 
ごくんと
Please swallow your saliva in one gulp.
 
こけ
Doe you tongue feel furry?
 
固形
Can you eat solid food?
 
ここ
Is this where it hurts?
Can you wait here for a little while?
Where are you now?
Let's stop here for today.
So much for today.
Do you have any questions so far?
This is where you need to be as strong as you can be.
This is where you need to hold out.
 
午後
Please come at two in the afternoon.
at three o'clock on the afternoon of September, the twenty-sixth.
 
こころ
mind, heart, spirit, mental, emotional, inner, psychological
Do you have any worries?
Is there anything that is worrying on your mind?
I apologise with all my heart/from the bottom of my heart.
close one's mind to/agaisnt
crawl into one's shell
mental/emotional/psychological trauma
mental scar
 
こころあたり
What do you think is causing your sleeplessness?
 
こころがける
Please try to reduce your salt intake for the sake of your blood pressure.
 
こころぼそい
feel helpless, feel uneasy, feel lonesome
Is there anything about life in Japan that makes your feel helpless/uneasy/lonesome?
 
試みる
Let us try this treatment first
If you want to lose weight, you should first try dieting and exercising.
 
誤差
measurement error
standard error
 
腰
lower back, waist, hip
Do you have any problems with your lower back?
Did you hurt your lower back?
Do you have any pain in your lower back?
Where in the lower back is the pain? 
have a bent/stooped back
bend over
straighten one's lower back
massage one's back
strained back
acute lower back pain
 
固視
ocular fixation
 
個室
Would you like to have a private room?
An additional ten thousand yen a day will be charged for a private room.
You will be transferred to a private room today.
 
五十肩
frozen shoulder, stiff and painful shoulder due to old age, fifty-year-old shoulder

平均体温が低下したとのこと

www.smithsonianmag.com

 

しばらく前に言及されていた体温低下の件。1851年にドイツの大学教授であるヴンダーリッヒがライプツィヒの市民の体温を測定した。約25,000人を測定してセ氏だと37.0°C (98.6°F)である。これに対して、アメリカの研究者たちが長期的に測定したデータで言うモデルだと、平均体温は低下している。1992年では 36.8°C, 2017年では 36.6°Cである。これは全体で10万人以上の巨大データを使っている。

正直言って私にはよく分からない。でも、1850年は結核が広がっているおり、人口の2%-3%が結核にかかっているという議論は、少しだけ説得力はある。

誤飲と誤嚥の区別

 

www2.ninjal.ac.jp

 

今日のもう一つのハイライトは「誤嚥」と「誤飲」（あるいは「誤食」）の違いである。これに関しては『病院の言葉を分かりやすくする』という提案でも掲載されている。それが非常に分かりやすい。「誤飲」「誤食」は間違ったものを食べたり飲んだりしてしまうこと。子供が十円玉を飲み込んだりするのが典型。「誤嚥」は、どこから入れるかの問題で、食道でなく気管に入って苦しむということ。食べ物は正しくても「誤嚥」することは完全にありえる。

面白いことに、英語だとどちらも aspirate, aspiration が当てられている。この英単語に、食物・飲み物なのか、あるいは食道か気管がというような区別があるのかどうか、私には分からない。

 

医療英会話084

医療英会話キーワード辞典。一日3ページずつ音読。今日はpp.251-253.  「超える」から「呼吸」まで。今日のハイライトは「呼吸」でした。
 
超える
be above, exceed
Your cholesterol level is about normal.
Your caloric intake should not exceed two thousand kilo-calories a day.  
 
越える
She has passed out of the critical stage.
She has passed the immediate crisis.
 
誤嚥する
When she eats, does she often breathe in food and choke on it?
Does she easily aspirate food and get choked on it?
 
コース
receive the full course of chemotherapy
 
コーヒー
How many cups of coffee do you drink a day?
Please do not drink coffee with this medication.
vomit liquid that looks like coffee grounds
 
コカコーラ
Coca-Cola contains caffeine.
 
コールボタン
Here is the call button.
If you need any help, please do not hesitate to push the call button.
 
誤解
There must have been some misunderstanding.  I did not mean to hurt your feelings.
 
五感
the five senses, the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
 
呼気、吸気
expiration, inspiration
 
小刻み
walk with short, quick and shuffling steps
 
呼吸
Do you have any problems with your breathing?
Do you have difficulty breathing?
Do you wake up at night because of difficulty with breathing?
Do you find breasing more difficult when you are lying flat on your back?
Please do breathing exercises before your surgery.
You will feel better if you breathe through pursed lips.
She is breathing hard.
She is panting for breath.
Currently she is not breathing on her own.
With your mouth shut, please breathe through your nose.
Purse your lips as if you are whistling.
Keeping your lips pursed, breathe out slowly.
Be careful not to push yourself too hard to fore the air out.
Breathe out twice as slowly as your breathed in.
After some practice try to gradually increase the time to breathe out and slow your breathing rate.
First, please lie on your back.
Relax, and place your hands on your abdomen.
Breathe in slowly through your nose.  Try to feel that your abdomen gets larger as you breathe in.
Purse your lips and breathe out slowly.  Try to feel that your abdomen falls inward as your breathe out. 

「好発」の意味

医療英会話辞典を音読していて「好発」という漢字が面白かった。対応する英語は occur most frequently, occur most commonly などである。「この病気は40才以上の人に好発します」は、おそらく「がん」についての言葉だろう。
 
ポイントは「好んで」である。用例では1930年に「疾病には各々好んで犯す部位、すなわち好発部位というものがある」というものが引かれている。これは疾病が擬人化され、ある部位を犯すのが「好き」であると考えているのか、擬人化はせずに、ある部位が侵されることが「しばしば」起きると考えるのか、あるいは、両者を混合させて考えているのか、よく分からない。疾病としては結核、梅毒、ハンセン病などを考えているのかな。　
 
 
 
 
 
(1)みずから望んで。好きで。
 
＊日本書紀〔７２０〕大化三年（北野本訓）「仍て春秋を以て質（むかはり）とす。春秋姿顔（かほ）を美（よ）うして善（コノムテ）談笑（ほたきこと）す」
 
＊改正増補和英語林集成〔１８８６〕「Kononde コノミテ」
 
＊坊っちゃん〔１９０６〕〈夏目漱石〉八「いかに聖人のうらなり君だって、好んで猿の相手になりたくもないだらうに」
 
(2)しばしば。よく。
 
＊造化妙々奇談〔１８７９～８０〕〈宮崎柳条〉一「好んで馬に騎（の）り。隊中常に相ひ闘殺す」
 
＊東京の三十年〔１９１７〕〈田山花袋〉上野の図書館「私の図書館に好んで行ったのは、もう一つ理由がある」

医療英会話083

医療英会話キーワード辞典。一日3ページずつ音読。今日はpp.247-251.  「高年初産婦」（こうねんしょさんふ）から「声」まで。今日もハイライトがたくさん。「興奮」「肛門」「高齢者」「声」などです。
 
高年初産婦
elderly woman giving birth to her first child.
elderly primipara
 
効能
efficacy, potency
leaflet with information on patient medication
prescribing information
statement of the effects of a medication
 
高濃度
High concentration of air pollutants are a risk factor for asthma exacerbation.
 
好発
occur most frequently
occur most commonly
A rash more frequently occurs around here.
This disease most commonly occurs in people aged forty years and older.
 
好発年齢
peak age
The incidence of this disease is highest in people aged forty-five to sixty-five years.  
The peak age of this disease is from forty-five to sixty-five years.
 
紅斑
erythema, red blotch, 
Have your noticed red blotches/spots on your skiin?
 
広範・広汎
generalised, localised, wide, widespread, extensive, extended, large, big, comprehensive, massive, radical, diffuse, pervasive
Do you have the oedema/swelling in just one place or over a wider area of your body?
Is the oedema/swelling localised or generalised/widespread?  
have itchiness over a wide area of one's body
 
公費
Tuberculosis treatment is subsidised by the government
Please contact the municipal office about public financial assistance for medical expenses.
 
好評
Nurse Tanaka is very popular because of his tender care of patients.
That rehabilitation programme is popular with patients.
That rehabilitation programme is thought of/judged favourably by patients.
 
公表
make medical errors public
release information about medical errors to the public
According to the published data, one in eleven women develops breast cancer.
 
highly pathogenic avian influenza
 
幸福
Happiness depends on your state of mind.
 
興奮
excitement, agitation, stimulation, excitability
Does she get easily excited/agitated?
Please calm down.
 
公平
Patients are treated equally and are seen in order of arrival.
 
広報
Please check the health checkup schedule in your city bulletin.
 
項目
Please check the items that apply to you
make an itemised list
 
肛門
anus, bottom, back passage
Please insert this suppository into your bottom/rectum.
Now, I am going to insert my finger into your back passage.
 
絞扼
constriction, strangulation
 
膏薬
patch, plaster, salve, ointment
apply a patch to the shoulder
put a patch on the shoulder
 
高揚感
Does this heightened mood occur/come on periodically?
 
効率
We will try to find the most effective and efficient treatment for your back pain.
conduct examination efficiently and make a correct diagnosis as quickly as possible
 
考慮する
Before deciding about surgery, we will have to consider her general condition.
 
高齢
She is at high risk from surgery because of her age.
be bent with age
an ageing population
 
高齢者
elderly person, older person, person aged 65 years or older
elderly person aged 75 years and older, the old-old
person aged 65 to 74 years, the young old
bedridden older person
 
声
Let one of our staff known when you are finished.
If you need any help, do not hesitate to ask us.
Can you hear me?
Please speak a little louder.
Do you have any problems with your voice.
Has your voice changed recently?
Please read this passage aloud.
hoarse voice, husky voice, nasal voice, twang