医療英会話196・197

医療英会話キーワード辞典。一日3ページずつ音読ですが6ページ必要になったので、pp.606-612.  「必要量」から「美容」まで。

 

必要量

requirement, required quantity, needs

meet one's daily vitamin C requirements

daily requirement

nutritional requirement

 

否定する

refuse, deny, say no

He refuses to admit that he has early-onset Alzheimer disease.

He denies the reality of early-onset Alzheimer disease.

deny the fact that one has cancer

 

非定型

Your symptoms are not typical of angina.

 

ひどい

severe, bad, terrible, unbearable, difficult, hard

Do you find breathing more difficult when you are lying flat on your back?

Is your headache getting worse?

Please call us if your symptoms get worse.

 

一息

Please blow out as hard and fast as you can in one breath.

Just a little more patience and the test will be all over.

Let's have a little rest here, shall we?

 

非特異

nonspecific change, nonspecific immunity, nonspecific therapy

 

一口

Please eat slowly, one mouthful at a time.

take the medication in one gulp

 

等しい

equal, the same, identical

The tumour in your ovary is about the size of an egg.

The size of the tumour in your ovary is roughly that of an egg.

These two medications are equal in terms of ingredients.

 

人見知り

Does your baby have stranger anxiety?

 

ひとり

alone, by oneself, on one's own

Do you live alone/by yourself?

feel anxious or nervous when one stays home alone

Can you manage by yourself/on your own?

dress oneself without support

 

一人暮らし

Do you live alone, or with your family or friends?

 

避難

evacuate, escape

evacuate patients in case of a fire

A fire has broken out.  Please evacuate the building as directed.

 

否認

deny one's problems or illness

 

避妊

Do you use birth control?

Are you taking the pill?

Do you use condoms for birth control?

What kind of contraceptive device do you use?

 

被曝

shield x from exposure to radiation

I am going to place this lead apron on your abdomen to shield your ovaries from exposure to the radiation.

 

非番

Dr Suzuki is off duty today.

 

ひび

small crack, narrow crack, hairline fracture

There is a small crack in the bone.

 

響く

vibrate

Do you feel as if your voice is echoing in your ear when you speak?

 

ひびわれ

crack, cracked, chapped

have cracked fingers

 

皮膚

Do you have any problems with you skin?  Any rash, discolouration, sore, itching, dryness, or flaking?

Have you noticed any changes in your skin?

Have you ever had a skin rash from using alcohol wipes before?

 

肥満

You will put on weight if you eat too many sweets.

have a tendency to obesity

 

秘密

keep a secret, protect a person's privacy

Everything we talk here is confidential.

 

110番、119番

dial one-one-zero/one-one-nine

 

冷やす

You should let hot liquids cool before drinking.

Please keep yourself warm.

 

ヒューヒューする

make a whistling sound when breathing

 

費用

How will you pay the hospital fees?

 

表

Here is a list of medications that are safe to take during pregnancy.

 

票

outpatient check-in slip

medical history form, medical questionnaire

 

美容

cosmetic correction, aesthetic surgery

解放の日とチャネル諸島とユダヤ人迫害

土曜日のエスプレッソはいつも通りの面白さ。ヨーロッパや合衆国で covid-19 から抜け出すことができる方向に向かい始めたことで明るい話題も多い。フットボールのシーズンを始めること、マスクの生産のことなどである。それとともに観光業などにおける膨大な失業、映画における上位独占へのより強い移行など、パンデミックのインパクトの暗さを感じる記事も多い。

 

それとはあまり関係がないが、「解放の日」におけるチャネル諸島についての記事が非常に面白かった。第二次大戦が終わったことを祝う「解放の日」は、ナチス・ドイツとの関係でかなりの期間で分かっていて、イギリスでは1945年5月9日だから、それに基づいてチャネル諸島について書いていた。チャネル諸島はフランスに近い幾つかの島で、1940年にナチス・ドイツに占領された。その後、市民による反ナチス運動もあり、地下通信も発展しており、イギリスが持つナチスへの抵抗の強さを物語っている。しかし、ナチスに賛成した部分もあった。それが反ユダヤ主義である。チャネル諸島の市民は、反ユダヤ主義には賛成していた。ユダヤ人たちは登録され、職業を禁止され、別の土地に送り込まれ、アウシュヴィッツにも3人送り込んでいる。ユダヤ人への強い差別と政策が実施されているのである。このあたりが、イギリスがナチス反対において非常に強力であったという主張に対する、小さい傷となる。

 

このタイプの議論が、私が最近しばらく考えている日本の精神病院の中における外国人の差別へのヒントになった。昭和戦前期の精神病院における二人の朝鮮人患者の取り扱いの違いをどのように考えるかという問題である。

ヒス束なのか彼の束なのか（笑）

久しぶりに出会った英単語 His bundle.　普通に読むと「彼の束」と理解して大混乱するが、語学辞典であること、そして同義語として bundle of His とも書かれていたので、His は「彼」ではなく人名だと思いだした。これはスイスのバーゼルで生まれ、最後はベルリンの教授となった Wilhelm His Jr. (1863-1934) の業績である。彼の父親 Wilhelm His Sr (1831-1904) は解剖学者であり、最終的にはライプツィヒの教授となる。子供のヒスは「ヒス束」と呼ばれる「束」を心臓に発見した。

 

もうひとつ重要なのは、 trench feverの病原体の発見のような発見である。日本語では塹壕熱とも訳す、第一次大戦の時に戦線の全域でもっとも広まった感染症で、疾病の1/5 から1/3 くらいまで塹壕熱に罹患した。発生はフランドル、フランス、ポーランド、ガリシア、イタリア、サロニカ、マケドニア、メソポタミア、ロシア、エジプトなどであった。著名な人物でこれに罹患したのが J.R.R.トールキン、A.A. ミルン、C.S. ルーイスたちである。この疾病が細菌によって引き起こされるメカニズムを研究して発表して彼の名前を冠されているのが、塹壕熱と関係があるらしい。この具体的な手続きの部分を読もう。

医療英会話195

医療英会話キーワード辞典。一日3ページずつ音読。今日はpp.603-605.  「肘」から「必要」まで。

 

肘

elbow, bend one's elbow, straighten one's elbow, stretch out one's elbow

 

皮質

cortex, motor cortex, cerebellar cortex, cerebral cortex

 

微弱

weak, faint, feeble

a weak pulse, weak labour pains

 

比重

specific gravity

high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein

urine specific gravity

 

非常

In case of an emergency, please use the stairs, not the elevators.

emergency stairs, fire escape

 

微小

minimal, microcarcinoma, microsurgery

 

ヒステリー

hysteria, hysterics, get hysterical, go into hysterics

 

微増

Your blood sugar level has slightly increased, so please watch your caloric intake.

 

額

forehead, brow

Please reset your chin and forehead on the support and look at the light.

It is all right if I touch your forehead?

It hurts across the forehead.

 

肥大

an enlarged heart

Your left ventricle is slightly enlarged.

 

浸す

You should soak the towel in warm/iced water and apply it to the affected area.

 

ビタミン

Are you taking any vitamins or other supplements?

While you are on warfarin, please do not eat foods that contain large amounts of vitamin K such as natto, cranberries, or leafy, green vegetables.

 

左

Please look to the left.

Please look at the upper/lower left-hand corner.

Please cover your left eye with your hand.

Please turn to the left.

 

左側

The nurses' station is on the left side.

Are you left-handed or right-handed?

 

左向き

Please lie on your left side.

This time, please roll over onto your left side.

 

悲嘆

be grief-stricken over the death of one's son

 

ひっかかる

feel as it something is stuck in one's throat

stick in, get caught

 

引っ掻く

scratch

Please avoid scratching your skin.

pick at the scab

 

日付

Please do not forget to date the consent form.

 

引っ越す

stress due to moving

move to Sendai

move into a new apartment

 

ひっこめる

Please suck in your stomach

 

必須

essential, indispensable, imperative

essential amino acid, essential nutrient

 

必要

need, require, essential, indispensable,

You need to drink a lot of water.

You need a good rest now.

Please take this medication whenever you need it.

You need to have a urine test.

I need your consent to do this surgery.

For the sake for your recovery, you need to be more positive.

It is essential that you keep a positive attitude about your recovery.

グラノーラとスムージー

父親がコーンフレークスが好きだったせいで、私はシリアルが好きである。ロンドンにいたこともあって、たくさんの種類かのシリアルを食べていた。その中で、最近知って食べるようになったのがグラノーラ。大麦などの穀物の中にナッツなどを入れたもの。結構おいしいと思う。　少し調べたところ、19世紀の中葉のアメリカで作られたとのこと。一つのラインは、新興のキリスト教系の宗教組織であるセヴンスデー・アドヴェンチストの一員であったジェイムズ・セレブ・ジャクソン James Celeb Jackson 1811-1895 が開発した朝食であるとのこと。イギリス系の朝食だとベーコンが主役だが、ジャクソンは菜食主義者ということもあって、肉なしでよい朝食として作り出したのだろうか。これがサナトリウムで出される食事として開発されたことも憶えておこう、それ以外にもいくつかのラインがあるらしい。まとまった本を読もう。

 

19世紀ではなく20世紀末から21世紀に現れた食品であるスムージー。これはイギリスであるとのこと。申し訳ないが、これは近寄らないことにしています。固体と液体の問題でしょうかね（涙）

粃糠疹と19世紀の梅毒の人体実験

「粃糠疹」。これだけだと、この字引で初めて知った単語ですが、英和辞典を引くと「ジベルバラ色粃糠疹」という言葉が出てきて思い出しました。ジベルは、カミーユ・メルシオール・ジベール（Camille-Melchior Gibert, 1797-1866）。19世紀フランスの医師の一人で梅毒の論考で有名。患者を素材にして梅毒の人体実験を行ったことで有名である。その本を買っておこう。

医療英会話192・193・194

医療英会話キーワード辞典。一日3ページずつ音読ですが、今日は9ページも読みました（笑）pp.594-602.  「伴性遺伝」から「皮脂」まで。

 

伴性遺伝

This disease is inherited through the sex chromosomes.

 

搬送

She was taken by ambulance to the hospital's emergency room.

She was brought to the hospital's emergency room.

take the patient in a stretcher/by wheelchair.

 

絆創膏

put a Band-Aid on the cut

put an adhesive tape on the cut

I am going to put this Band-Aid on your arm, so could you hold it down for a few minutes?

 

反対

Please turn over.

Please turn your body to the opposite side.

Let me look at the opposite leg.

Let me measure the vision in the other eye.

I am going to give you the injection in the arm you do not write use.

The restroom is across from the hallway.

 

反対する

The main reason why she is opposed to the treatment is its cost.

I hate to object to your plan, but you should wait a while before travelling by plane.

I am against smoking.

 

判断

Judging from the X-ray results, you have nothing to worry about.   

I will leave it to you to decide.

You made the right decision.

 

範疇

Atypical carcinoid tumours are classified under the category of malignant tumours.

 

判定

Your influenza test has proved positive.

 

斑点

spot, dot, blemish, speck, floater, macula

 

バンド

band, bracelet, binder, strap, belt, support, brace

attach the ID band to one's wrist

wear a chest strap

have a headache that feels like a tight band around the head

 

半年

Please come and see me again within six months.

It will take about half a year for you to recover completely.

The patients' association is held twice a year.

 

ハンドル

handle, handlebars, steering wheel

 

反応

reaction, react, response, feedback

Have you ever had an allergic reaction?

have a sensitivity to the medication

trigger a reaction

The pupils are dilated and do not react to light.

 

反発

generalised, universal, disseminated, diffuse

 

晩発

late, delayed

 

反復

repetitive, recurrent, episodic

 

パンフレット

brochure, pamphlet, booklet

For further information, please read this brochure on diabetes

For your information, here is a leaflet about diet therapy.

This brochure is free of charge.

This booklet gives details about how to prepare for your hospital stay.  

 

半分

reduce the amount of the medication by half

halve the amount of the medication

cult/split/divide the tablet in half

 

判明する

become clear, turn out, prove

The cause of your symptom has become clear from the test results.

The organism that is causing your pneumonia is still unclear.

We do not yet know what is causing your pneumonia.

You will get the results of the blood test soon.

The polyp proved to be benign.

 

反論

The medical associations and specialists argue against this article.

 

BMI

BMI is a measure for estimating obesity, obtained by dividing weight in kilograms by height in metres squared.

BMI estimates obesity by dividing weight in kilograms by height in metres squared.

Your have a BMI of thirty-two, which indicates obesity.

BMI of less than 18.5 is considered underweight.

 

ピークフロー

peak expiratory flow, PEF

A peak flow test measures how fast you can breathe air out of your lungs.

the maximum speed at which you can exhale air from your lungs

 

BCG

have the tuberculosis vaccine

have a BCG shot

be vaccinated against tuberculosis

 

冷える

Do your hands and feet often get cold?

Do you often have cold hands and feet?

 

被害

cause serious damage

suffer psychological damage

 

被害者

feel victimised

have a feeling of being victimised

rape victim

victim of sexual harassment

 

日帰り

This surgery is a same-day procedure.

You can go home the day of this surgery.

one-day comprehensive physical checkup

 

控える

cut down on, be moderate, refrain from, avoid

Please cut down on your water salt.

Be moderate in your water salt intake.

You should not drink alcohol.

Please refrain from sexual activity.

 

比較

Let's compare these two X-ray films.

Compared with the last result, this one is much better.

This disease is comparatively rare.

This type of disease develops at a relatively fast/slow speed.

 

皮下脂肪

put on some abdominal fat

subcutaneous fat obesity

 

皮下出血

bleeding under the skin surface

subcutaneous belling, bruise

Do you bruise easily?

Do you bleed under the skin easily?

Do you tend to get blood spots under the skin?

 

皮下注射

give a subcutaneous/hypodermic injection

 

非活動

inactive, physically inactive

 

光

Can you see a light?

I am going to shine this penlight into your eyes, so please look straight ahead.

Please follow the flashing light with your eye.

 

非観血的

noninvasive, closed reduction

 

非感染性

noninfectious, aseptic, aseptic wound

 

悲観的な

pessimistic and optimistic,  negative and positive

be pessimistic about the disease

think pessimistically about the disease

take a pessimistic attitude toward one's illness

 

引き上げる

put up one's undershirt

 

引き受ける

I am happy to take care of your child while the doctor sees you.

 

引き金

Did anything trigger your asthma symptoms?

 

ひきこもり

shut-in, recluse from society, social withdrawal, dissociation, self-confinement at home, refusal to leave home

 

ひきこもる

shut oneself up, shut oneself off, withdraw

shut oneself up in one's home

What made your son withdraw into himself?

 

ひきつぎ

share information about patient at shift change

transfer patient data between shifts

 

ひきつぐ

hand over

From tomorrow, my colleague Dr Kato will take charge of your care.

 

ひきつづき

We are continuing to try to identify what is causing the problem, so please give me a little more time.

 

ひきつる

a cramp, cramp up, have tics, spasms, twitch

Have you ever had any muscle cramps or twitching?

Which muscle cramps up?

get a cramp in the leg

 

非共同性の

disconjugate, incomitant 

disconjugate eye movement

incomitant strabismus

 

引く

pull, draw, subtract

Pull this knob and the cabinet will open.

If you subtract seven from one hundred, what do you get?

Please count down from one hundred minus sevens.

The swelling is going down

The fever has gone down.

 

低い

low, short, low, low-pitched

eat low-calorie food

be short for his age

Do you have difficulty hearing low^pitched sounds and voices

speak in a low voice

 

ひげ

beard, moustache, whiskers

have a shave

Please stay still while I am shaving your face.

Will you shave yourself?

 

秘訣

The secret of good health is to go to bed early and to get up early in the morning.

 

非言語

send/pick up/receive nonverbal messanges

communicate non-verbally

miss a nonverbal cue

 

非行

delinquency, children who turn to delinquency

show signs of delinquency

juvenile delinquency

 

飛行機

Have you recently flown in an air plane?

get airsick, airsickness

 

粃糠疹

pityriasis, dunfruff

 

膝

extend one's knees

scrape one's knees

fall onto one's knees

the knee buckles

Do you have any knee problems?

Do your knees hurt?

Do you have any knee paint?

Do you have difficulty kneeling?

Excess water has built up in and around the knee.

We can drain/remove the water fluid from the knee for quick relief, but it may build up again.

Please bend your knees and relax your abdomen.

Please flex your knees slight and bring them toward your chest.

check the reflexes by tapping a person's knee

 

ヴィザ

Her visa has expired.

Your visa is going to expire soon, so you should renew it right away.

a valid visa

visa for medical stay

 

微細

fine, minimal, fine movement, fine motor skills, fine tremor, minimal brain dysfunction

 

皮脂

sebum